Investigating The Behavior Of An Offender Within The...

What causes Crime? This question is one that has been asked many times resulting in many different answers each more diverse than the other. One would think the question would be seemingly easy to answer, however that would be incorrect. There are various theories that have developed over time which begins to explain possible reasons why some make the choice to commit crime and others do not. The subject of predicting and preventing crime is a complicated one and has been intensely analyzed now for some time. Theories are part of a process that analyze and address the creation of laws, the violating of laws, and the enforcing of laws. Theories attempt to explain the behavior of an offender within the criminal justice system as well as†¦show more content†¦The biological approach believes us to be a result of our genetics and physiology. Social structure, as it relates to Criminal offenders, is the theory that asks the question of â€Å"why† individuals in today’s society commit criminal acts. The social structure theory presumes that individuals falling within the lower class and facing economic hardships are more prone to commit criminal offenses including acts of violence because of their social status in a community or a society. It is believed the poor are more likely to commit crime because it is the only way in which they can accrue money an increase social success. Social structure theory has three schools of thought--social disorganization, strain, and cultural deviance theories. Social Disorganization is the focus on environment, which can be seen demonstrated in neighborhoods that are prone to illegal activities and citizens fail to work together in an effort to solve problems. In other words, a person s residential location is a significant factor when determining the likelihood that that pe rson will become involved in crime. Neighborhoods with residents who know each other, enjoy social gatherings together, and keep an eye on one another’s children, are more likely to experience less crime and more likely to positively influence the resident youth. For example, the close network of neighbors who may comeShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Paper854 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice System CJA/204 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE Criminal Justice System This first week the assignment was to Define crime, its relationship to the law, and the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal, Describe the government structure as it applies to the criminal justice system, Identify choice theories and the their assumptions in regards to crime, Describe the components of the criminal justice system and the criminal justice processRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Punishment versus Rehabilitation Survey of Justice and Security - AJS/502 March 17, 2014 Arnold Wicker    Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help somebodyRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Law Enforcement Agencies960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Criminal Justice System works to enforce laws within the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the government. To insure the criminal justice agencies are organized and functioning, it is typically divided into three main components. The three main components are law enforcement agencies, court agencies, and correctional agencies (Siegel Worrall, 2015). Law enforcement agencies are in charge of thoroughly investigating the crimes and detaining suspects (Siegel Worrall, 2015). CourtRead MoreThe Application of Cognitive Beha vioral Therapy Within a Prison Setting1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe current prison and criminal justice system has not proven to be helpful in rehabilitating offenders and preventing recidivism. To successfully alter this situation it is important to understand what steps and measures are available to assist those who find themselves imprisoned. The techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy have proven to be effective in treating depression, anxiety and drug addictions among other things. Analyzing the techniques developed in cognitive behavioral theoryRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Within The United States2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe criminal justice system is a set of agencies and process that have been established to control crime and impose punishment on those who violate them. They aide in apprehending, prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing individuals who have been convicted of a crim. There is no one criminal justice system in the United States but many individual systems. The way they work depends on the jurisdiction in which they exist. The laws are different in different types of jurisdiction. The differentRead MoreEssay on Criminal Investigations1096 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Investigations are ways that crimes are looked at and criminals arrested (In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2011). It is a huge part of getting criminals off the street. Investigation is a crucial aspect for many different crimes such as, but not limited to, theft, robbery, burglary, arson, murder, and assault. Criminal Investigations can take days or up to many years to solve; some cases are never closed. Not only can investigations last for extended periods of time, the lives of those workingRead MoreCjs 240 Intro to Juvenile Justice the Juvenile Justice Systems Need to Focus on Rehabilitation1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation The Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation Amanda R. Molnar Axia College of the University of Phoenix The Juvenile Justice System Needs to Focus on Rehabilitation The juvenile justice system has long been in debate over whether its focus should be rehabilitation or punishment. From its birth in the early 20th century, the juvenile justice system has changed its focus from punishment to rehabilitation and backRead MoreSexual Abuse Agains the Elderly1557 Words   |  7 Pagesabuse within one’s own home and from one’s own family member. Routine Activity Theory will be used to discuss the conditions that exist in order for elder sexual abuse to occur, and what society as a whole can do to recognize and prevent abuse. Forms of Elder Sexual Abuse: Sexual abuse against elderly men and women is categorized into two forms: hands on (contact offenses) and hands-off (non-contact offenses) (Ramsey-Klawsnik, 1995). Hands-on offenders include those offenses where the offender makesRead MoreA Brief Note On Corruption Of Police Administration1474 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s never NOT happening. Unfortunately, police corruption is an on going problem that isn’t slowing down. In fact, in the past decade, with the rise in drug cartels entering the untied states, corruption with police and drug lords have sky rocketed within the DEA alone (Washington Post, 2003: p 4). When looking into a police organization and try to find out why some officers are corrupt, you have to dig deep to find the root of the problem first and find out the origins of corruption. So why do officers

White Paper on the film Henry V Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Crispian’s speech in this study. In fact, the very use of the rhetoric, like King Henry V’s speech testified one of the referred descriptions of charismatic leadership. Lee cited that charismatic leaders create a compelling vision. In order to present to people being governed a leader’s compelling vision, a certain means of transmission will be needed. Speech or rhetoric to address the people is one of those (Nelson, Megill, and McCloskey, 1987). King Henry V used a persuasive rhetoric in his St. Crispian’s Day speech. Lee also cited the expected effect from the people being governed by a leader. These effects are responses, change of attitudes, and methodologies within the organization (Lee, 2008). Apparently, after the speech were given, the cited expected effect of such act manifested towards King Henry V’s people. He declared that certain day to be the St. Crispian’s Day, illustrating before his people his compelling vision for that day. He declared: This day is called the feast of Crispian. He that shall live this day, and see old age Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors, And say ‘Tomorrow is St. We will write a custom essay sample on White Paper on the film Henry V or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Crispian. ’ Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars, And say ‘these wounds I had on Crispian’s day’ Old men forget; yet all shall be forgot, But he’ll remember, with advantages, What feats he did that day. Then shall our names, Such proof of King HenryV’s success to move his people with his vision was attested by Brian P. Rice (1998) in his own study regarding its history. He stated that the speech â€Å"is evocative of the spirit with which Henry--and all strong medieval kings--ruled through the strength of their convictions and by force of their personality. † (Rice, 1998). Another description of a charismatic leader is that one is able to challenge the certain people’s status quo (Lee, 2008). In his speech, King Henry V did the same when he questioned the bravery of some of his people who were doubtful of the battle, specifically his cousin Westmoreland. Rather proclaim it, Westmoreland, through my host That he which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart; his passport shall be made And crowns for convoy to put into his pure; We would not die in that man’s company, That fears his fellowship to die with us. To enable others to act is another of the description of the trait. King Henry V undoubtedly made his people to act. With his persuasive and compelling speech, he made courageous army from his people. Establishing shared values is another description.

A Shadow in the City Free Essays

â€Å"A Shadow in the City: Confessions of an Undercover Drug Warrior† is a well-known book written by Charles Bowden. As evident by the name, the book deals with drugs, the drug war and an under cover drug warrior. The author of this book has touched a subject which has generally always been considered dark by many; and for that he has put forward the picture of a man who has worked extremely hard nearly all his life to put an end to the war against drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on A Shadow in the City or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author has gone deep into the mind of a person namely Mr. O’Shay and has put forward many such things which go by ignored by a vast number of people. The reason behind writing this book evidently is to gain awareness and make the people give attention to the problems faced by the people who work on the front end of this problem. These are the people who begin working as people with good hearts and even better intentions, and then they are forced to consign acts of pure evil or just simple lose at their work. Every single evil act wounds the mind and the soul of that person to the extent that nothing is left except pain, wounds, and a guilty feeling that agonizes a man who at his heart may be a good person. Another thing which the author has tried to convey is the fact that anyone involved in the drugs business would either go up or go straight down. He will loose all signs of humanity along with all his morals and values (Bowden, 2005). Summary â€Å"Joey O’Shay is not the real name of the narcotics agent in an unnamed city in the center of the country. But Joey O’Shay exists. The nearly three hundred drug busts he has orchestrated over more than two decades are real, too; if the drug war were a declared war, O’Shay would have a Silver Star†. –Charles Bowden This well-known book which has been written by Charles Bowden presents an image of the life of an undercover drug agent and the effects of his work on the agent’s sanity and sense of right and wrong. In this book the author has presented to his readers the unseen world of the drug wars where wicked crimes occur nearly all the time; where unfaithfulness and dishonesty are the only two things that one can depend on; and where alcohol and drugs are the only thing that people are concerned about. In the book, the author has archived a career-making drug deal for pure Columbian heroin which is being coordinated by Joey O’Shay, a drug agent who has been working under-cover for more than twenty years. The drug agent has made a vast number of drug deal busts without ever being identified by any of his targets; nevertheless, his purpose as an agent and that of America’s war on drugs has grown more difficult to understand with each bust. O’Shay is at a point where he wishes to retire from his job. He wants to walk away from what he has been doing since a very long time—getting close to his enemies and then destroying them, but the way out is not easy. He stands at a point where he does not know himself; he has become an entity trying to understand his own self. In the words of the author, â€Å"he becomes a shadow in the city. He remains unknown to the life moving around him. He answers no questions. He grows, thrives, slides silently down the streets. He acts. He loves. He loses. He kills. He is the law but few remember this fact. Sometimes, he forgets himself† (Bowden, p.5). The problems faced by O’ Shay, him losing his personality, losing interest in his work and doubting his line of work, O’ Shay trying to find ways to get out of this drug business but failing at it and also failing at dying is what this book is basically about. While working for the war on drugs, the police men or let’s say the drug agents face a lot of things which play with their minds. Horrific images, brutal realities, harsh lies are all part of the game. These things make the person doubt his own job just like O’ Shay doubts his by thinking whether this war is ever going to end or not. Friendship and loyalty play a major role in this field. In the book, Bobbie is a girl who owns a hotel and has always been helping O’ Shay. She always listens to him and according to the author, â€Å"Bobbie obeys no one, she is proud of this fact. But she always obeys Joey. Even in her dreams† (Bowden, p.7). The author also addresses the problem of cops having to face crimes being committed in front of their eyes in order to remain under cover. At times, these people see so much of these crimes being committed that they become unsympathetic and get used to it just the way O’ Shay does in the book, but deep down inside, as the author has tried to portray, these people are anxious to undo all the things they have ever seen and known throughout their lives and careers. Yet, the author also goes on to remind the reader that such a thing is nearly impossible. These under cover agents go through a number of personal changes in the way they think and perceive events and things around them. The war against drugs perhaps is a never ending war, as according to the author, the people who the under cover agents put away are immediately replaced by their successors, hence getting to the root of the problem is the main task here, which is not easy to be done. Author’s position on the Drug War As evident by the portrayal of O’ Shay as a man who wishes to give up on his job, the author certainly believes that the war against drug is not as easy as some of us may think it is.   It is a tough job which requires nerves. The author believes that the war on drugs might even turn out to be never ending, which is extremely bad. This issue must be dealt with great strategy. Not only should small drug deals be busted, but the bigger much worst deals should be dealt with as well, but for that the under cover agents must be fully prepared and should not weary of their jobs just as O’ Shay and a vast number of other under cover agents in real life do so. The war on drugs is a hard task and would take a long period of time to finish if it ever does. But as stated earlier, it requires thinking and strategic planning for the war to end and bringing about an end to drugs. Influence of the book on my personal views of the drug war Reading this book has brought about a slight change in the way I had previously perceived the war against drugs. I had thought that perhaps the life of an under cover agent is not all that scary or disturbing, but this text proved me wrong. I thought that maybe if the authorities worked harder the problem would be finished in a very short period of time, but no; the text changed my view over that as well. I now think that the war against drugs might not end but even if it does it would require a very strategic plan. Conclusion In the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that â€Å"A Shadow in the City: Confessions of an Undercover Drug Warrior† is a well-known book written by Charles Bowden. The book deals with drugs, drug deals, under cover agents and the way busting drug deals and dealing with thugs effects the way they think and perceive things and at times they also wish to retire from their jobs. Bibliography Bowden, Charles. (2005). A Shadow in the City: Confessions of an Undercover Drug Warrior.   United States of America. Harcourt. ISBN: 0151011834.    How to cite A Shadow in the City, Papers

Evaluate the Optimum Temperature and PH

Question: Using the correct format write a report on the growth conditions practical you have carried out. The structure of this report will influence your grade. Abstract- one paragraph summary of conclusion and evaluation Method- short, picture can use bullet points Results- table and graph Temperature (oC) Number of yeast cells 5 3487 18 4112 37 5292 37 (acid) 8916 40 7176 50 7308 E.coli using a colour metre Used5 as a blank Temperature (oC) Colour-metre measurement (Abs) 20 0.40 37 0.46 40 0.55 50 0.03 Evaluation- few sentences interpret results Discussion- major of words, what does it tell you, what effect does pH and temp have on e-coli and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisine) what evidence do you have to support your answer? Compare temperature of yeast and E.coli Conclusion- how to improve experiment what would you do next time? Answer: Abstract The experiment was carried out to evaluate the optimum temperature and pH needed for the optimum growth rate of two organisms selected. The organisms, which were selected, are Saccharomyces serivisiae and Escherichia coli. The result was obtained as the Escherichia coli grown best at 35ËÅ ¡ to 40ËÅ ¡C. where as in case of Saccharomyces cerivisiae, optimum growth was observed at 37ËÅ ¡C with acidic pH condition. Introduction It is a known fact that, every organism has its own set of optimal environmental condition for its optimum growth rate (Pajic-Lijakovic 2015). In case of microorganisms, there are several growth factors, which influence the growth rate of organisms. These factors can be of different physical and chemical factors such as temperature, pH, salt concentration, presence of air, etc. In this lab-report, two organisms are considered to evaluated along with two growth factors or parameters. The organisms, which considered are Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two growth factors, which have been used for the evaluation purpose, are temperature and pH (Myers 2013). Method At first, the materials which are required were autoclaved for the sterilization process After the sterilization, respective growth medium was made and autoclaved. After the completion of the production of the growth media E. coli was inoculated in four media plates and were inoculated at 20ËÅ ¡C, 37ËÅ ¡C, 40ËÅ ¡C and 50ËÅ ¡C respectively. A blank was made for the qualitative purpose and kept at room temperature.(In case of E. coli cells were incubated in liquid culture medium for spectrophotometer reading) Yeast cells were inoculated in six plates and incubated at 5ËÅ ¡C, 18ËÅ ¡C, 37ËÅ ¡ (Normal condition), 37ËÅ ¡C (Acidic), 40ËÅ ¡C and 50ËÅ ¡C respectively. A plate was kept in the room temperature without inoculation to be used as blank. (yeast cells were incubated in solid media plates for colony count) After 24 hours of incubation period yeast culture plates were taken out and cells were counted. (one colony is considered to be one cells) After 30 minutes of incubation, E. coli culture tubes were taken out, the cell growth density was measured using spectrophotometer, and absorbance value was noted. Result After the incubation colony counts were done for the yeast cells and absorbance was noted for the E. coli cells. The results for each cell type are given below in a tabular form. Results for Yeast cells: Temperature (oC) Number of yeast cells 5 3487 18 4112 37 5292 37 (acid) 8916 40 7176 50 7308 Results for E. coli cells: Temperature (oC) Colour-metre measurement (Abs) 20 0.40 37 0.46 40 0.55 50 0.03 Graph for the Yeast cells growth rate: According to the results obtained from the cell count of the yeast cells, it is seen that most of the yeast cells were observed at 37ËÅ ¡C in acidic pH range. Whereas, least amount of cells were observed at 5ËÅ ¡C. Apart from this, at 18ËÅ ¡C, 37ËÅ ¡C (normal), 40ËÅ ¡C and 50ËÅ ¡C cell count was observed as 3487, 4112, 5292, 7176 and 7308 cells respectively. In case of E. coli cells Highest absorbance of was noted at 0.55 nm and lowest absorbance was observed at 50ËÅ ¡C. Along with this, at 20ËÅ ¡C, 37ËÅ ¡C absorbance was noted as 0.40 nm and 0.46 nm respectively. Interpretation From result of the Yeast cell count, it is seen that highest number of yeast cells are obtained in 37ËÅ ¡C acidic plate. From this it can be interpreted that the optimum condition for the Saccharomyces cerivisiae is 37ËÅ ¡C. The pH condition for the growth of Saccharomyces cerivisiae is on the acidic side. Whereas, 5ËÅ ¡C that is low temperature is considered to be adverse condition for the growth of Saccharomyces cerivisiae cells. From the absorbance result of Escherichia coli, it is noted that the highest number of cells were observed at the 40ËÅ ¡C temperature mark. From this temperature, it can be interpreted that the optimum growth temperature for the Escherichia coli cells to grow is about 40ËÅ ¡C. From the result data it can also be interpreted that the least amount of cells were grown at the 50ËÅ ¡C mark. So it can also be said that as the temperature increases cell growth of the Escherichia coli decreases. Conclusion: From this experiment, it can be concluded that the cells have their respective temperature to grow at the optimum rate (Typas 2012). Apart from this, they also have a suitable range of pH range, where their growth rate is maximum. These factors play a crucial role, as the survival and cell division process depends on such factors. In this study the samples were used in the experimental format to obtain the specific optimum temperature and ph for the growth of the selected organism (Winter 2013). But in this case we can assess only a range where the optimum growth has taken place. Further study and experiment is need for the evaluation of exact temperature at which the organism best grows. This aspect is also applied for the pH evaluation process as well. As rate of cell division and cell growth depends on the ph of an environment, it is very important to collect the exact value of these growth factors for a successful evaluation process (Monon 2012). References Monon, J.A.C.Q.U.E.S., 2012. The growth of bacterial cultures.Selected Papers in Molecular Biology by Jacques Monod, p.139. Typas, A., Banzhaf, M., Gross, C.A. and Vollmer, W., 2012. From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology.Nature Reviews Microbiology,10(2), pp.123-136. Winter, S.E., Winter, M.G., Xavier, M.N., Thiennimitr, P., Poon, V., Keestra, A.M., Laughlin, R.C., Gomez, G., Wu, J., Lawhon, S.D. and Popova, I.E., 2013. Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut.Science,339(6120), pp.708-711. Pajic-Lijakovic, I., Levic, S., HadnaÄ‘ev, M., Stevanovic-Dajic, Z., Radosevic, R., Nedovic, V. and Bugarski, B., 2015. Structural changes of Ca-alginate beads caused by immobilized yeast cell growth.Biochemical Engineering Journal,103, pp.32-38. Myers, J.A., Curtis, B.S. and Curtis, W.R., 2013. Improving accuracy of cell and chromophore concentration measurements using optical density.BMC biophysics,6(1), p.4.